The characteristics of the oil base and how to make it.

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Oil base has a long history, but also more popular, it is mainly used for canvas, but also suitable for wood and so on. The oil base is basically composed of two parts: rubber base and oil layer. The traditional base material is animal skin rubber (mostly rabbit skin), and the base coating is oil-based coating (linseed oil + turpentine + lead white). The production method is: melt the rubber with water, apply it to the canvas when the glue is warm, cool and dry, and then apply the white oil primer. The oil in the base coating should be as little as possible to ensure that the subsequent coloring layer is firm. With one coat of undercoat, the canvas can be used, but if a smoother surface is needed, the canvas needs to be smoothed, so the undercoat should be applied twice or twice. A canvas with a good oil base can be used for several months, and the longer the better, the ideal time is half a year.

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The oil base is a weakly absorbent base with a fine surface, strong elasticity, impact resistance and moisture resistance. The disadvantage is the lack of permeability, no coloration force of the gelatinous substrate, the elasticity will be lost over time, the color layer cracks due to embrittlement, and even falls off. In addition, the oil base is changeable.

Since the creation of synthetic glue, modern painters have used white latex as a base glue. The method is: dilute the latex with water and paint it on the canvas two to times, then add a small amount of water with latex, add Lide powder (you can also add color oil inside), stir evenly and apply or scrape it on the canvas. After drying, apply a thin layer of oil paint (usually white, but can also be mixed with a little blue, earth red, etc.).

Professor Claude Eville once came to China to teach classical painting techniques, he adopted the method of making the bottom of the classical painting masters, the specific practices are as follows:

First step: Scrape the bottom. Trim the taut canvas slightly with sandpaper or pumice stone, and then apply rabbit skin glue (glue to water ratio of 7 to 0). The film is broken, then soaked in cool water for 5 to 6 hours to make it rise, and then simmered in water to melt it. Or soak with a little cold water first, until it rises and becomes soft, then inject hot water and stir until it is completely dissolved. When the glue is still warm (about C), you can scrape on the canvas. When scraping, the canvas should be flat, pour the glue on first, and scrape the glue onto the canvas with a large scraper. After scraping the entire canvas, remove or flatten the threads and nodules while they are still dry.

Step 2: Apply red background. Grind the ochre red powder (iron oxide red) with the walnut oil cooked with the colored lead oxide (lead oxide) to the appropriate thickness. Scrape the pigment on the canvas with a scraper, cool and dry, and then polish it with a pumice stone to make the surface of the canvas smooth and even.

Step 3: Paint a grey base. In one part walnut oil to one part linseed oil, grind lead powder and carbon black powder. Use a stiff brush to lightly apply the ground gray onto the canvas. The ratio of black and white to powder is arbitrary. The grey should be applied as thinly as possible so that the canvas will not crack. Do not paint only once, so as not to show the red bottom, and do not cover the linen grain. You can use a scraper to scrape a layer of gray background color, dry and then apply a second layer with a stiff bristle brush, and then erase the pen marks with a badger brush. Can be slightly added to the earth red pigment to become a light gray red.